Since we won't have a chance to spend part of today reviewing for Social Studies in class, here are the notes for the three lessons that will be covered on Wednesday's test. Some of the formatting was lost, but the notes should still be understandable. The Science review questions are in the previous post.

Chapter 5,    Lesson 3                         New England Colonies

Protestant: Christian, but not Catholic. Many northern European counties became Protestant in the 1600's.

Pilgrim: A religious group that split from the Church of England. Seeking religious freedom they sailed on the Mayflower to Plymouth, MA. Befriended by Squanto who taught them how to raise corn. First Thanksgiving.  Mayflower Compact—first example of self rule in New World.

Puritan: A group within the Church of England, seeking to make their religion more "pure". Given a charter to establish colonies in Massachusetts. Main cities, Boston and Salem. Life revolved around religion. Men met at meetinghouse to establish laws for colony. Puritans did not welcome people who did not believe as they did. John Endicott and John Winthrop were two of their early leaders.

            Puritan Schools: Puritans felt that everyone should be taught to read the Bible. Parents taught their own children in some small villages, sometimes a teacher was hired to teach reading—writing and arithmetic would be taught for an extra fee. Settlements with more than 50 families had to have a school that taught reading, writing, and arithmetic. Though called year around school, students actually only attended about 12-14 weeks a year. The Puritans started Harvard University.

People's Wants:  Reverend Thomas Hooker disagreed with the Puritans and left to establish a settlement in Connecticut. Hooker believed that the wants of the people should be considered when writing laws. His community established the "Fundamental Orders" which was the first written system of government under which representatives were elected to make decisions for the group.

Providence:  Roger Williams was also a Puritan who disagreed with the leaders especially about the rights of Indians. He was forced to leave his home and went to what is now Rhode Island. There he was helped by the Indians from whom he bought land for a settlement at Providence in 1636.Rhode Island allowed people of all religions to settle there.

Ann Hutchinson: Ms. Hutchinson also had disagreements with the Puritan Leaders. She and her followers established a colony on an island that is part of Rhode Islandin 1636

Portsmouth: Portsmouth, New Hampshire was founded for business reasons. Lumber was shipped from the settlement first called Strawberry Banke (1680) and later named Portsmouth.

Pequots:  The Pequot Indians lived in Massachusetts and Connecticut. For awhile they got along with the English settlers, but did not understand the concept of buying and selling land. First there were skirmishes. Finally, under "King Phillip" the Indians attacked and destroyed several English settlements. The English then destroyed the Indian crops. Discouraged, the Indians left.

Chapter 5, Lesson 4    The Middle Colonies

*Covered with hardwoods

*Less rocky thanNew England

*Better soil and climate for growing crops

"Breadbasket" colonies

*Settlers from different countries and religions

New Netherlands and New Sweden:

            *Dutch built colony of New Netherlands along the Hudson River in now NY and NJ

            *Dutch and French speaking Belgium settlers founded New Amsterdam in 1625

            *Governor, Peter Stuyvesant led, but people didn't like him

                        Spread colony into New Jersey. Took over New Sweden (in Delaware) in 1655

These colonies less populated thanNew England. King of England declared war on Hollandto get colonies. Settlers would not fight for Stuyvesant so Duke of York seized area.

*Renamed part New Yorkand part New Jersey.

New York City

            *Strong Dutch influence inNew York—windmills, Dutch architecture

            *Settlers from many countries and of many religions

Pennsylvania:

            Swedish had also set up colonies in now Pennsylvania

            *1681 English took over New Sweden and William Penn given charter to be proprietor of Pennsylvania (Penn's Woods)

            *Penn a Quaker (non-violent), Set up colony as religious refuge for Quakers and others

*Penn planned government with freedom of speech and religion, right to trial by jury, A council, General Assembly, made laws for colony.

            *Philadelphiaplanned by Penn with grid of streets and good port on Delaware River

            *Many immigrants attracted to PA for freedom= many skills and cultures

            *Scotch-Irish settled on frontier.

Relations with Indians:

            *Penn got along well with Indians, but settlers on frontier caused some problems

*Since Quakers do not fight, government would not send troops to protect frontier from Indian attacks= angry settlers.

Chapter 5, Lesson 5:            The Southern Colonies (pgs 218-224)

Virginia:

            1607Jamestown the first permanent British (English) Colony in North America

            Chartered by King

            1612 John Rolfe (Pocahontas husband) introduced tobacco which became cash crop of area.

                        Tobacco sold all over Europe=big money maker

                        Need for workers led to use of slaves by 1660's

                        1624 Virginia Company out of business, King took over due to profit

            Government= House of Burgesses, an assembly of wealthy landowners

                        First assembly in English colonies

Maryland:

            1632 King Charles I chartered Chesapeake Bay as proprietary colony

                        Cecilius Calvert became 2^nd Lord Baltimore and proprietor

                        Haven for Catholics, but welcomed other Christians

            Tobacco main cash crop

Carolinas (North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia area):

            Chartered by King Charles II in 1663—whole area between VA and Fla.

           Virginia settlers had been moving into northern area earlier, after charter, English, Caribbean, and French Huguenots (Protestants from Catholic France) came too

            Rice Became cash crop first, after trying other crops. Naval Stores (products used for building and repairing ships, made from pine tar) also produced.

            1712 North and South Carolina divided up

            *North Carolina: small farms

            *South Carolina: large plantations. First grew rice, later added indigo (for blue dye) which would grow where rice wouldn't

                        Plantations needed labor=Slaves

            *Georgia: 1733 James Oglethorpe given charter to settle Georgia(previously part of the Carolinas). Set up first colony at Savannah. Plan to bring over debtors (people in prison for owing money), gave land to settlers plus more if they brought debtors. Didn't work out well.

At first charter did not allow for slaves, by 1750 law changed and plantations developed.

Indian Wars:

            Just like other areas, Indians and settlers got along well at first, but more settlers meant less land and resource for Indians and trouble started.

            1622 Indians upset by loosing fishing and hunting lands attacked settlements in Virginia. English struck back and defeated Indians, took land = First war

            1711 Indians (Tuscaroras) attack towns inCarolinas hoping  to end spread of settlers, but instead started Tuscarora War. Many died. War lasted into 1713 when English won and forced surviving Indians to leave.

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